Parenthetical styles (or author and date styles)

These styles are so called because in-text citations are followed by the author's surname and publication year in parentheses; this kind of indication takes the place of the footnote. 
At the end of the publication, a list of all the documents referenced  (i.e., the bibliography) is included, organized alphabetically by author. 

Example

It’s very significant the idea of Mary C. Flannery (Flannery, 2012) that the pre-eminence of the honor⁄shame code in chivalric culture has very nearly become something that goes without saying for medieval scholars. That shame has so frequently been studied in chivalric literature should not be surprising, especially when one considers how pervasive the lexis of shame is in these texts

In the final bibliography:

Flannery, M. C. (2012). The concept of shame in late‐Medieval English literature. Literature Compass, 9(2), 166-182.

These styles are used mainly in the Social sciences.

The most known of these styles are Harvard,  APA and Chicago Author-Date Style (Chicago A)

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