Vancouver style

The Vancouver style was created in 1978 by a group of biomedical journalists at a meeting held in Vancouver (that's the reason of the name). It's the most used style in biomedical literature, because it's the one used by Pubmed.

The official Vancouver guide is an ebook published bu the Nationa Library of Medicine: 

Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/ 

In this book there are indications and examples for each kind of document.

In the Vancouver style each document is referred to only by that number throughout the text. In the final bibliography documents are cited in numerical order.

Ex.:

A recent study [1] says that most infant formula products had at least one health and nutrition claim. Multiple ingredients were claimed to achieve similar health or nutrition effects, multiple claims were made for the same ingredient type, most products did not provide scientific references to support claims, and referenced claims were not supported by robust clinical trial evidence.

In the final bibliography:

[1] Cheung KY, Petrou L, Helfer B, Porubayeva E, Dolgikh E, Ali S, Ali I, Archibald-Durham L, Brockway MM, Bugaeva P, Chooniedass R, Comberiati P, Cortés-Macías E, D'Elios S, Feketea G, Hsu P, Kana MA, Kriulina T, Kunii Y, Madaki C, Omer R, Peroni D, Prokofiev J, Simpson MR, Shimojo N, Siziba LP, Genuneit J, Thakor S, Waris M, Yuan Q, Zaman S, Young BE, Bugos B, Greenhawt M, Levin ME, Zheng J, Boyle RJ, Munblit D. Health and nutrition claims for infant formula: international cross sectional survey. BMJ. 2023 Feb 15;380:e071075. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071075. PMID: 36792145; PMCID: PMC9930154. 

In the Vancouver style you must use only the roman type, no italics no bold. Authors are cited with surname and name initials (only recently sometimes the full name is used).

Book

  • Author's surname and name initials
  • Title.
  • Edition (not obligatory if it's the first).
  • Publication place:
  • Publisher;
  • Publication year.
  • Total number of pages.

E. g.

Beaumont C, Colpus E, Davidson R, editors. Everyday Welfare in Modern British History Experience, Expertise and Activism. Cham (CH): Palgrave Macmillan; 2025 Dec 19. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK612249/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-64987-5

Book chapter

  • Chapter author's surname and name initials.
  • Chapter title.
  • in: book title.
  • Edition (not obligatory if it's the first).
  • Publication place:
  • Publisher;
  • Publication date.
  • Chapter pages.
  • If available online: link or DOI

E. g.:

Soerjomataram I, Bray F, Stewart BW, et al. Global trends in cancer incidence and mortality. In: Wild CP, Weiderpass E, Stewart BW, editors. World Cancer Report: Cancer research for cancer prevention. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020. 1.2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK606460/
 

Journal article

  • Author's surname and name initials.
  • Article title.
  • Journal title, abridget following the National Library of Medicine rules.  
  • Publication date; [if online, access date]
  • Volume number
  • (Issue number):
  • Article pages.
  • If online, DOI or link 

E.g. 

Panagopoulos A, Giannatos V, Antzoulas P, Lakoumentas J, Raoulis V, Hantes M. The 100 Top-Cited Articles on Medial Patellofemoral Ligament: A Bibliometric Analysis and Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2024 Jan 31;12(1):23259671231223525. doi: 10.1177/23259671231223525. PMID: 38304053; PMCID: PMC10832438.

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